{"id":5060,"date":"2022-10-31T08:00:45","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T01:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/?p=5060"},"modified":"2022-10-30T14:12:05","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T07:12:05","slug":"nang-cao-hieu-luc-cua-khung-trinh-do-quoc-gia-van-de-dat-ra-va-khuyen-nghi-ham-y-chinh-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/nang-cao-hieu-luc-cua-khung-trinh-do-quoc-gia-van-de-dat-ra-va-khuyen-nghi-ham-y-chinh-sach\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0–\u00a0V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Vi\u1ec7t<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:\u00a0<\/strong>Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 18\/10\/2016 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c ASEAN v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 2018 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba Lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a<\/strong>: Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia, Khung tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ASEAN, Li\u00ean th\u00f4ng, Lu\u1eadt<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>: Vietnamese qualification framework (VQF) was approved by a special document, Decision 1982\/QD-TTg dated October 18, 2016 by the Prime Minister in response to the development and integration needs of Viet Nam in the ASEAN region and the world. Although the content of this Decision as a derivative to amend and supplement a number of relevant articles of the Law on Higher Education 2018 and the Law on Education 2019, and possibly the Law on Vocational Education and Training in the future, at the time of design, it is still subject to certain constraints of all three of the above Laws and can not avoid few limitations. The article presents some key findings on the issue from a policy and legal perspective and proposes some recommendations to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the VQF.<\/p>\n

Key words<\/strong>: National qualifications framework (NQF), learning outcomes, higher education, vocational education and training (VET), qualifications framework governance, AQRF, VQF.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0(KT\u0110QG)\u00a0c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 18\/10\/2016. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 KT\u0110QG ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ngo\u00e0i hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2011-2020 v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n D\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 2011-2020. KT\u0110QG kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khung kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Khung n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2019. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 2018 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba Lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y khi ch\u01b0a s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y\u00a0s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i KHGD\/16-20.\u0110T.004 \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d thu\u1ed9c\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p Qu\u1ed1c gia giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2016 \u2013 2020. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn KT\u0110QG.<\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    Khung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt VQF<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1981\/Q\u0110-TTg Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t Khung c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng B\u00e1o c\u00e1o tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo AQRF khi ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a, trong khi KT\u0110QG ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (GD\u0110H) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (GDNN). M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a Khung c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sau (Viet.NQ&Hung.QN, 2021):<\/p>\n

    \"sinh<\/p>\n

    Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 2018\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00edch l\u0169y, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi VQF.\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp sau, khi m\u00e0\u00a0Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01\/07\/2020 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung trong Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch GD\u0110H v\u00e0 GDNN \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Khung AQRF. Theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu AQRF, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu VQF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c\u00a0ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u00a0tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh quy.<\/p>\n

    Hai l\u00e0,\u00a0theo Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec GDNN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u GDNN c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc\u201d trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, n\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, trung c\u1ea5p, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra GDNN ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh,\u00a0Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh GDNN \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1eebng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a GDNN, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u00a0V\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eadc 1, 2, 3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p I, s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p II v\u00e0 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p III hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c VQF ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, b\u1ed5 sung trong Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

    B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d (learning volume ho\u1eb7c amount of learning). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng\u2026? T\u1ea1i Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian qua, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng minh trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    \"Sinh<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ISCED l\u00e0 khung ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do UNESCO th\u00f4ng qua Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c so s\u00e1nh xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia (qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf). Khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo ISCED th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc ISCED. C\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai b\u1eadc ISCED tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ISCED, c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn khung ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ISCED \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, song c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1i ch\u00ednh khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      \"Sinh<\/p>\n

      Tuy\u00a0nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh m\u1ee5c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo\u00a0Lu\u1eadt Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu\u00a0nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9,\u00a0ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf li\u00ean th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh\u00a0ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, gi\u1eefa\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb xa, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Li\u00ean th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa GDNN v\u00e0 GD\u0110H c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi khi m\u00e0 Danh m\u1ee5c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p IV do B\u1ed9 L\u0110TBXH ban h\u00e0nh (Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 04\/2017\/TT-BL\u0110TBXH) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cv\u00eanh\u201d v\u1edbi Danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p IV tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea1c s\u0129, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 24\/2017\/TT-BGD\u0110T v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 25\/2017\/TT-BGD\u0110T), ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ee9c\u00a0ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0nh – chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh – ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng KT\u0110QG\u00a0ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi (new qualification) \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t k\u00e8m theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi theo KT\u0110QG.\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd\u00a0ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0.\u00a0Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi theo quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a danh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c,\u00a0\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh danh m\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi b\u1eadc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a KT\u0110QG.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a gi\u00fap\u00a0t\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf li\u00ean th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GDNN v\u00e0 GD\u0110H hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0tin c\u1eady b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cgeneral\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u00a0nh\u01b0 ABET ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khung b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cV\u00f9ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (Trust zone) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf GDNN\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf GDNN gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p, hay h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng (ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 thi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT) hay c\u1ea3 hai? N\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201csong b\u1eb1ng\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u201cqu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e2u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec h\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n\u00a0h\u00f3a\u00a0ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh\u00a0ngh\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng theo ph\u00e2n m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THCS v\u00e0o GDNN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh KOSEN c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o th\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o GDNN ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (VET in school). V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean m\u00f4n, xuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111a m\u00f4n trong ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng). Li\u00ean th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau; c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh quy.<\/p>\n

        Do\u00a0v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

        – M\u1ed9t l\u00e0,\u00a0c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc, GDNN v\u00e0 GD\u0110H \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.\u00a0C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p). Li\u00ean th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o KT\u0110QG, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y KT\u0110QG l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean th\u00f4ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p c\u0103n c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 li\u00ean th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n theo Kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 – Li\u00ean th\u00f4ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019.\u00a0C\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh quy.<\/p>\n

        – Hai l\u00e0, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m d kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 43 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019 (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong Khung c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 31 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 43 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m: a) V\u1eeba l\u00e0m v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc; b) H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa; c) T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn; d) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1eadc tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

        Ba l\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro\u201d. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro\u201d l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo tinh th\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, can d\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra KT\u0110QG v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        Ngu\u1ed3n – C\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Vi\u1ec7t T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:\u00a0Khung tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1982\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 18\/10\/2016 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5060"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5060"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5064,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5060\/revisions\/5064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}