{"id":9203,"date":"2023-10-27T16:40:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T09:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/?p=9203"},"modified":"2023-11-03T16:43:28","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T09:43:28","slug":"mot-so-cach-de-ren-luyen-tu-duy-phan-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/mot-so-cach-de-ren-luyen-tu-duy-phan-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng: T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n (hay Critical Thinking) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, logic v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. V\u1eady, l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u00ean qu\u00e1 cao hay nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y h\u1ea1 n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed, logic v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u201cb\u1ee9c tranh\u201d s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9204\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9204\" style=\"width: 428px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-9204\" src=\"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/tu-duy.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"246\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>2. \u0110\u1eb7t ra nghi ng\u1edd, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eebng s\u1ee3 nghi ng\u1edd m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi sinh ra s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1ch r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eabn uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh tin chu\u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh, xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tin m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tin n\u1ed5i, th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111i t\u00ecm, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n tin b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng tin chu\u1ea9n hay ch\u01b0a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u00e3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u201cTin chu\u1ea9n hay ch\u01b0a?; b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?;\u2026 C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-9205 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/tu-duy-phan-bien.jpg\" alt=\"t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n\" width=\"403\" height=\"268\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>4. T\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. L\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 \u201cs\u00e2u\u201d h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9206\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9206\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-9206\" src=\"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/tu-duy-3-300x158.jpg\" alt=\"T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n\" width=\"370\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/tu-duy-3-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/tu-duy-3.jpg 310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9206\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>5. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u1eadp quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 khi tranh lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, logic v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>6. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u1eddi ph\u00fa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1eady n\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ti ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn thua. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n, gi\u00e0 d\u1eb7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Qu\u1ef3nh Nga \u2013 Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean khoa Ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":9208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9203"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9203"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9211,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9203\/revisions\/9211"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emmiekio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}